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The settlement of tunisian immigrants in Syria in the beginning of the 20 century... 365

domination and trade between Africa and Europe, were communities
from West Asia and Europe. Later, Berbers began to settle in the re-
gion. The region became a commercial center when the Phoenicians
settled here. The Romans, who dominated the region with the defeat
of the Carthaginians in the Punic War, made Tunisia the center of
their North African lands. The arrival of Muslims in Tunisia in 647
followed the period of Vandals and Byzantine domination . Muslim Ar-
1
abs succeeded in capturing this region, which they called “İfrikiya”, in
649 . Thus, Tunisia was introduced to Islam in the 7 century due to
th
2
the Muslim occupation. From the 7 century onwards, Islam spread
th
rapidly in the region, and with the immigration of Andalusian Muslims
to Tunisia, the number of Muslims increased.
In the 16 century, the Ottoman State was interested in the South-
th
ern Mediterranean coasts, when the Hafsîs ruled in Libya and Tunisia,
and the Beni Mezganne tribe, Zeyyâniler and Sa’dî people were domi-
nant in Algeria . Meanwhile the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs was
3
the greatest rival to the Ottomans in the Mediterranean. The main rea-
son behind the Ottoman Empire’s policies on the Mediterranean was
to protect its coasts and its dominance in the Eastern Mediterranean.
The reason that brought Spain into conflict with the Ottoman Empire
was the damage caused by Turkish pirates in North Africa to the Span-
ish coasts and to maritime trade . The Spanish occupation of Tunisia
4
as a base, meant a serious threat to the Ottoman Empire.
The determined policies of the Ottoman State to seize Tunisia were
realized only in 1569 as a result of the activities of the Algerian Governor
and Admiral Kılıç Ali Pasha . However, on October 7, 1573 Tunisia was
5
recaptured by Spain . After all these waves of conflicts, the Ottoman
6
navy, which completed its preparations to completely capture Tunisia ,
7

1 Z. Erginsoy, Kuzey Afrika'da Osmanlı-Habsburg Mücadelesinin Sonu; 1574 Tunus
Seferi, «Bilge Internsational Journal of Social Research», 3:1 (2019), p. 27.
2 F. Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II,
University of California Press, London, 1995, p. 82; A. Adıgüzel, Hz. Osman Döneminde
(24-35/644-656) Fetihler, «Journal of Oriental Scientific Research», 11:3 (2019), p. 1186.
3 S. Hizmetli, Osmanlı Yönetimi Döneminde Tunus ve Cezayir’in Eğitim ve Kültür Ta-
rihine Genel Bir Bakış, «Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi», 32 (1991), p. 1;
A. Kavas, Osmanlı Devleti’ni Kuzey Afrika’da Kalıcılaştıran Sefer: Tunus Savaşı (1574),
«Istanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi», 1:1 (2016), p. 7.
4 Z. Erginsoy, Osmanlı-Habsburg Mücadelesinin Sonu cit., p. 27.
5 S.H. Özkan, XVIII. Yüzyılın Başlarında Kuzey Afrika, «Avrasya Etüdleri», 40:2
(2011), p. 289; S. V. Toprak, Osmanlı Yönetiminde Kuzey Afrika: Garp Ocakları, «Tür-
kiyat Mecmuası», 22 (2012), p. 231.
6 Z. Erginsoy, Osmanlı-Habsburg Mücadelesinin Sonu cit., p. 30.
7 E. Naki, 1574 Tunus Seferi Sonrası İspanya-Osmanlı İlişkileri ve Osmanlı Sarayın-
daki Gayri Resmi Müzakereci Jaime de Losada, «Journal of Eurasian Inquires», VII:1
(2018), p. 57; Z. Erginsoy, Osmanlı-Habsburg Mücadelesinin Sonu cit., p. 31.

Mediterranea - ricerche storiche - Anno XX - Agosto 2023
ISSN 1824-3010 (stampa) ISSN 1828-230X (online)